ABSTRACT
In Chile, more than 180 thousand people (1% of the population) have some form of dementia. The figure should increase to approximately 600,000 (3% of Chileans) by 2050. This disease poses major challenges to the society. One of them is the effective recognition of the autonomy and responsibility of the person living with this condition. This article aims to review the clinical assessment of competence, its agreement with the Chilean legal system and the challenges that the assessment of competence poses in clinical decision-making and the capacity of an individual make decisions, according to the new international obligations subscribed by Chile. It is concluded that inclusion is a pending challenge, reflected among other things, by the non-compliance with binding rules such as Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which affirms that persons with disabilities have the right to be recognized as a person everywhere, before the law.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Competency/legislation & jurisprudence , Persons with Mental Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Decision Making , Dementia/psychology , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychological Tests , Chile , Mental Competency/psychology , Persons with Mental Disabilities/psychology , Personal Autonomy , Disability Evaluation , Informed Consent/psychologyABSTRACT
El Derecho y la Bioética reconocen la necesidad de dar una especial protección a las personas más desvalidas, entre las cuales naturalmente se encuentran los niños y los menores de edad. Sin embargo, de entre ellos, los que adolecen de discapacidad intelectual son doblemente vulnerables: por edad y porque no presentan competencias equiparables a las de sus pares. Si bien el ordenamiento jurídico chileno contempla garantías y normas aplicables a la salvaguarda de estas personas, es necesario reconocer las dificultades prácticas que aún les significan ser discriminados o recibir un trato inadecuado, avanzando hacia soluciones reales de inclusión, como una manifestación del deber solidario de la comunidad y del Estado de Derecho material y respetuoso de la persona humana.
The Law and Bioethics recognize the need to give special protection to those most vulnerable, among which of course are children and minors. However, among them, those who suffer from mental disabilities are doubly vulnerable: by age and because they do not have powers comparable to those of their pairs. While the Chilean legal system provides guarantees and rules applicable to the safeguarding of these people, it is necessary to recognise the practical difficulties to be discriminated or received an inappropriate treatment, moving toward real solutions for inclusion as a manifestation of the duty of solidarity community and the rule of substantive law and respectful of the human person.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Bioethics , Child Advocacy , Jurisprudence , Disabled Children/legislation & jurisprudence , Persons with Mental Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Risk GroupsABSTRACT
Obligations of mentally ill persons towards society are a debated issue. We need to understand their civil and criminal rights and also the rights of society against and towards such persons. In the present paper an attempt has been made to outline the civil responsibilities of mentally ill and the related laws.
Subject(s)
Civil Rights , Humans , Persons with Mental Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Mentally Ill Persons/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Unified Health System , Management Audit/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation as Topic , Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , /standards , Blood Banks/legislation & jurisprudence , Persons with Mental Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation , Orthopedic Procedures/standards , Mental Health , Oncology Service, Hospital/standards , Hospital Information Systems/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
La enfermedad mental por sí no es factor excusante. Para que hay inimputabilidad se requiere que esta enfermedad produzca un estado de incapacidad de las facultades mentales de tal grado y gravedad que un tribunal de justicia pueda determinar que al acusado se le debe eximir del rigor de la ley. Esta incapacidad mental debe haber estado presente en el momento preciso del hecho delictivo para que pueda aceptarse como eximente de responsabilidad penal. En general, las defensas psiquiátricas se pueden clasificar en cuatro grupos: 1. Las debidas a enajenación mental que pueden ameritar inimputabilidad como la afección psicótica, o imputabilidad disminuida como episodios psicóticos agudos debidos a embriaguez o drogadicción. 2. Las defensas debidas a un defecto de la voluntad como los llamados "impulsos irresistibles" de algunas legislaciones. 3. Las defensas de automatismo sano cuando el delito se cometió mientras la mente estaba fuera de función por una anomalía psíquica o neurológica no relacionada con una enfermedad mental prpiamente dicha. Tales los raros casos de "choque psíquico" que disocia completamente la personalidad y "choque físico" por trauma craneoencefálico. 4. Las defensas de "síndromes especiales" atribuibles a factores neuróticos en la personalidad. Esta defensa suele invocarse sólo para atenuar la severidad de la pena.